Breaking The Bank
Dear Mark,
I
once heard that "breaking the bank" had something to
do with a misbehaving roulette wheel that paid off vast sums of
money to the person who figured out that it was malfunctioning.
Is that where the term "breaking the bank" came from
in relation to casino gambling? Mel G.
| While
bedside reading this past week, Mel, I happened to uncover
the answer to your question in the just-released, revised
version of Kevin Blackwood's Casino Gambling for Dummies.
On page 160, he writes that in Monte Carlo in 1873, an Englishman
named Joseph Jagger identified a biased roulette wheel where
nine numbers were appearing more often than randomness would
allow. |
|
"Jagger
pounced, and before the casino bosses figured out what was going
on, he walked away winning with $350,000, an enormous sum in his
day," Blackwood wrote, regarding the man who broke the bank
at Monte Carlo.
I'm
with the Casino Gambling for Dummies author in that Joseph Jagger
was the first famous gambler to get some publicity in 1873 for
breaking the bank, but, Mel, it was a con artist, a public relations-thirsty
casino owner, a song, and a music hall star that made the term
"Break the Bank" most memorable.
In
French, if a gambler wins more than the chips that exist on the
table, he was said to have "faire sauter la banque,"
which actually means "blown up the bank", but is usually
translated to our milder "broke the bank." If that were
ever to happen, a black shroud would be placed over the table
until reserve chips were brought to the game. The only time I
ever saw a roulette table come to a complete halt was when a Super
Big Gulp Slurpee tipped over on Red and Odd.
Although
no gambler had come close to winning the whole reserves of the
casino, the PR-savvy owner of the Monte Carlo casino, François
Blanc, was always looking for ways to get greed-awakening publicity
from stories of winning gamblers.
He
found his poster-boy gambler in one Charles Wells, who in July
of 1891 'broke the bank' twelve times in less than 11 hours, winning
over one million francs. During one run, his number had come up
in 23 of 30 successive spins of the wheel. In November of the
same year, Wells returned and made another million francs in three
days, including successful bets on the number five for five successive
turns.
Despite
hiring a slew of private detectives, Blanc could never figure
out the Wells system. Wells always maintained that it was just
pure luck, and the system he used was the Martingale,
where you double your next bet after a loss, to make up for it.
(Stupid system; don't trust it.)
What
eventually was uncovered was how Wells got his bankroll in the
first place. He conned wealthy investors into bankrolling bogus
inventions like a musical jump rope and a fuel-saving invention
for steamships. Although Wells broke the bank six more times,
his luck went south, and he lost not only his own money, but also
that of his investors.
Charged
with bilking money from investors by fraud, he was extradited
to England, found guilty at the Old Bailey and spent eight years
in the slammer. Wells served another three-year stay for yet another
fraud before eventually immigrating to France, where still another
financial scam earned him five more years. Are you counting?
In
1892, Fred Gilbert wrote the popular song, The Man Who Broke the
Bank at Monte Carlo, that was popularized by the music hall star,
Charles Coborn, but the gambler was not Blackwood's Jagger, but
flimflammer Charles Wells, who was the inspiration for the song.
By
the way, Mel, as most gambling stories go, Wells died penniless
in Paris in 1926.
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